Patella (Kneecap) Luxation Learn about this common orthopedic condition and how it is treated. Request Appointment
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 Patella (kneecap) luxation is a common orthopedic issue in dogs, stemming from developmental abnormalities in hind limb bones and soft tissues. This condition disrupts the patella's role in the extensor mechanism, causing pain and stress in the stifle (knee) joint, and leading to osteoarthritis due to cartilage wear. Medial patella luxation (MPL) is more common than lateral patella luxation (LPL), with causes linked to hip changes that affect thigh and shin bone alignment, resulting in the patella being pulled out of its normal groove.
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Clinical signs of patella luxation include intermittent lameness, bunny-hopping gait, and leg stretching during movement. Affected dogs may yelp or hold their leg up when the patella luxates. Muscle loss in hind limbs may occur with prolonged luxation. Diagnosis involves an orthopedic exam to grade the luxation (1-4) and imaging (X-rays, CT scans) to assess the patella's position and any underlying arthritis or bone abnormalities. Treatment varies based on the severity of the luxation. Mild cases (grade 1 and non-clinical grade 2) may benefit from rehabilitation to strengthen quadriceps and improve patellar tracking, potentially avoiding surgery. Surgical intervention is required for grades 3 and 4, and clinical grade 2 luxations. Surgery involves procedures like trochleoplasty to deepen the patellar groove, soft tissue adjustments, tibial tuberosity transposition, and correction of bone deformities. Minimally invasive techniques and real-time imaging are employed to ensure precision and faster recovery.
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What Happens After Surgery?

Post-surgery, dogs need 8-12 weeks of rest and restricted activity to prevent complications such as implant breakdown and soft tissue injuries. Regular check-ups and rehabilitation sessions begin two weeks after surgery to aid healing and maintain muscle mass and range of motion. Preventive measures include joint supplements, omega-3 fatty acids, and maintaining a healthy weight. While complications like recurrent luxation and infection are possible, they are rare and manageable with proper care. Anesthesia risks are minimized through thorough pre-surgical exams and continuous monitoring by trained staff.