Elbow Dysplasia - FUSION VETERINARY ORTHOPEDICS

Elbow Dysplasia

Common causes and treatments for this orthopedic condition.

It is an umbrella term encompassing various abnormalities in elbow development, including fragmentation or fissuring of the medial coronoid process, ununited anconeal process, osteochondrosis or osteochondritis dissecans, and elbow incongruity. Fragmentation of the medial coronoid process is the most prevalent, but multiple abnormalities can affect some dogs simultaneously. The disease is multifactorial, stemming from genetics, rapid growth, obesity, dietary issues, and hormonal imbalances.

Developmental elbow disease, commonly known as elbow dysplasia, is a frequent cause of front limb lameness in young medium to large breed dogs.

Elbow incongruity

Fragmentation / Fissuring of the medical coronoid process

Ununited Anconeal Process

Osteochondrosis / Osteochondritis dissecans (OC/OCD)

Elbow dysplasia involves the improper development of three bones—the humerus, radius, and ulna—which form the elbow joint. The coronoid process, a small bone projection on the ulna, is particularly vulnerable to micro-cracks due to excessive forces, potentially caused by abnormal bone shape, size, or alignment. These micro-cracks can lead to fragments breaking off, causing inflammation and pain in the joint, which eventually results in osteoarthritis. Clinically, affected dogs may exhibit stiffness or lameness, especially after rest or heavy activity, and may self-limit their play to avoid pain. Early diagnosis is crucial, and if any signs of front limb lameness are observed, a veterinary consultation is recommended.

Diagnosis at Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics involves gait analysis, orthopedic examination, and imaging techniques such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment aims to improve comfort and slow the progression of osteoarthritis. Options include conservative management with PRP and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT), followed by rehabilitation, or surgical management with minimally invasive arthroscopic procedures to remove bone fragments and assess cartilage damage. Post-surgical recovery is lengthy, requiring strict rest and controlled activity to prevent complications and ensure proper healing.

Clinical Signs

Management and Rehabilitation

Long-term management of osteoarthritis involves a multi-modal approach, including joint supplements, omega-3 fatty acids, controlled exercise, weight management, and potentially joint injections or pharmaceutical management for flare-ups. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in speeding recovery and maintaining muscle mass and range of motion. Despite the absence of a cure, a collaborative approach between Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics and the pet’s regular veterinarian can significantly enhance the quality of life for dogs with elbow dysplasia, focusing on managing symptoms and maintaining joint health.

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