Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical technique used in human and veterinary medicine to diagnose and treat various joint problems without needing large incisions. Arthroscope comes from the Greek words, “arthro,” which means joint, “endo,” which means inner, and “skopein,” which means to look. Fusion Veterinary Orthopedic’s specialist Dr. David Dycus frequently uses arthroscopy and our team explains what pet owners should know about this procedure. 

What is veterinary arthroscopy?

Danish surgeon Severin Nordentoft, MD, was the first to use the term “arthroscopy” in a paper he presented in 1912 at the 41st Congress of the German Society of Surgeons in Berlin. He is credited as the first to apply endoscopic techniques to a joint—the knee, in this case.

Since then, arthroscopic equipment has advanced technologically for use in small joints in humans. The development has facilitated the technique’s use in veterinary medicine, because the working room inside a pet’s joint is much smaller than inside a similar human joint. 

Arthroscopy involves inserting an arthroscope (i.e., a small tube with a camera and light), into a joint through a tiny incision. The camera transmits images to a monitor, allowing the veterinarian to see inside the joint. Additional small instruments can be inserted through other small incisions to remove loose cartilage, repair ligaments, or clean out debris.

What conditions are diagnosed and treated with veterinary arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy can be used to diagnose and treat numerous joint issues in pets, such as:

  • Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) — OCD is a joint condition that affects the cartilage and underlying bone and is most frequently seen in young, rapidly growing dogs, especially large breeds. Commonly affected joints include the shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle.
  • Elbow dysplasia — Elbow dysplasia is a complex condition involving multiple developmental abnormalities in the elbow joint.
  • Hip dysplasia — Hip dysplasia is a genetic condition characterized by abnormal hip joint development where the ball (i.e., femoral head) does not fit properly in the socket (i.e., acetabulum).
  • Cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries — Cruciate ligaments and menisci are soft tissue structures that support and facilitate knee joint movement. 
  • Joint infection — Infections in the joint often require debridement and flushing.
  • Osteoarthritis (OA) — OA is a chronic, progressive joint condition that leads to inflammation, pain, and joint dysfunction.

What are the benefits of veterinary arthroscopy?

Arthroscopy offers several significant advantages over traditional open joint surgery, including:

  • Minimal invasion — Arthroscopy involves inserting the equipment in small incisions, reducing tissue damage and promoting quicker healing.
  • Reduced pain — Smaller incisions mean less pain for the pet during and after the procedure.
  • Faster recovery — Pets typically recover more quickly from arthroscopy than open joint surgery and can return to normal activities sooner.
  • Improved visualization — The arthroscope provides a clear and magnified view of the joint, enabling precise diagnosis and treatment.
  • Reduced infection risk — Smaller incisions and less exposure reduce infection risk.

What happens during veterinary arthroscopy?

The arthroscopy procedure typically involves:

  • Pre-surgical assessment — Dr. David Dycus will conduct a thorough examination, which may include blood tests, X-rays, or other imaging studies, such as a CT scan, to determine if arthroscopy is the right option for your pet.
  • Anesthesia — Arthroscopy is performed under general anesthesia to ensure your pet is comfortable and pain-free.
  • Surgical preparation — Our team shaves and thoroughly sterilizes the surgical site to minimize infection risk.
  • Procedure — Dr. David Dycus makes a small incision in the affected joint and inserts the arthroscope and any other necessary instruments for diagnosis or treatment.
  • Post-surgical care — After the procedure, our team closely monitors your pet until they are fully recovered from anesthesia. We also manage their pain to keep them as comfortable as possible.

What is involved in veterinary arthroscopy recovery and aftercare?

Arthroscopy recovery is generally quicker and easier than traditional surgery. Dr. David Dycus will provide detailed post-operative care instructions, which may involve:

  • Rest and restricted activity — Restricting activity is typically necessary to ensure your pet heals properly.
  • Pain management — Administer prescribed pain medication as directed by Dr. David Dycus to keep your pet comfortable.
  • Incision care — Keep the incision sites clean and dry, and monitor for infection signs such as redness, swelling, and discharge.
  • Follow-up appointments — Attend all scheduled follow-up visits to monitor your pet’s recovery and address any concerns.

Arthroscopy is a valuable, minimally invasive tool for diagnosing and treating joint problems in pets. If your four-legged friend is experiencing joint issues, consult Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics’ specialist Dr. David Dycus to determine if arthroscopy is a suitable option for their condition.