Exercise is critical to your dog’s overall health and well-being. Regular activity helps maintain a healthy weight, prevents boredom, provides enrichment, and reduces the risk of various health issues. However, not all exercises are suitable for every dog. Our Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics specialist Dr. David Dycus wants all dogs to be as sound and healthy as possible, and our team explains how to determine the best exercise regimen for your four-legged friend.

Consider your dog’s breed

Each dog breed has unique exercise needs because of their genetic heritage, physical characteristics, and historical roles. Factors contributing to various exercise needs include:

  • Genetic heritage — Certain dog breeds were developed for specific purposes, and their exercise needs often reflect these historical roles. Examples include:
    • Herding breeds, such as border collies and Australian shepherds, were bred to herd livestock, which requires extreme stamina, agility, and intelligence. They require extensive physical and mental stimulation. 
    • Working breeds, including Siberian huskies and Alaskan malamutes, were bred for tasks such as pulling sleds over long distances. They have high endurance and require rigorous exercise.
    • Hunting breeds, such as retrievers, pointers, and spaniels, were developed to assist hunters, who expected them to run, retrieve, and track. They are extremely energetic and need ample exercise.
    • Breeds, such as German shepherd dogs and Belgian Malinois, were bred to have a strong work drive, and need a combination of physical exercise and mental challenges to stay healthy and well-behaved.
    • Breeds, such as bichon frises and Cavalier King Charles spaniels, bred primarily for companionship, usually have lower exercise needs and are typically content with short walks and playtime.
  • Physical characteristics — Physical characteristics can also influence a dog’s exercise needs. Examples include:
    • Large breeds — Large breeds, such as Great Danes and Saint Bernards, typically have lower energy levels compared with smaller, more agile breeds. They tend to tire easily and are prone to joint issues, necessitating moderate, low-impact exercise.
    • Small breeds — Small breeds, such as Chihuahuas and Pomeranians, have high metabolisms and can be extremely energetic. However, their small size means they don’t need as much space to burn off energy, and their exercise needs can often be met with indoor play.
    • Brachycephalic breeds — Flat-faced breeds, such as bulldogs and pugs, can have respiratory issues that limit their ability to exercise strenuously. They require shorter, less intense exercise sessions.

Consider your dog’s age

Your dog’s exercise needs change as they age. Consider the exercise regimen your dog needs based on their life stage:

  • Puppies — Puppies need short bursts of exercise throughout the day to keep them entertained and help them develop properly. Activities, such as gentle play, short walks, and basic training sessions, are great options for young pups. Be careful to avoid overexercising your puppy, because their developing joints and bones are susceptible to injury.
  • Adult dogs — Adult dogs require the most exercise. A mix of walks, runs, playtime, and mental stimulation, such as puzzle toys and obedience training, will help keep them happy and healthy.
  • Senior dogs — Senior dogs may have reduced energy levels and can potentially be affected by health issues such as arthritis. Leisurely walks, swimming, and low-impact play are ideal for older dogs. Monitor your senior dog’s response to exercise and adjust accordingly.

Consider your dog’s health

Certain health conditions can limit the activities your dog can safely perform. Examples include:

  • Obesity — Overweight dogs should start with low-impact exercises, such as walking and swimming, and gradually increase the intensity as they build stamina. Consult your veterinarian before beginning any new exercise regimen if your dog is overweight.
  • Joint issues — Dogs with joint conditions, such as arthritis, benefit from low-impact activities that are easy on their joints. Avoid high-impact exercises that could exacerbate their condition.
  • Heart and respiratory conditions — If your dog has a condition that affects their heart or lungs, always consult your veterinarian to determine the exercises that are appropriate to prevent a medical emergency.

All dogs need exercise, but the best activity for your four-legged friend depends on many factors. If you have questions about your dog’s exercise needs, contact Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics so Dr. David Dycus can tailor an exercise program that meets your canine friend’s needs.