Hip dysplasia is the abnormal development of the hip joint, which can lead to dysfunction, pain, and progressive joint changes such as osteoarthritis (OA). Our Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics specialist, Dr. David Dycus, commonly sees pets, especially dogs, with hip dysplasia, and we explain all you need to know about the condition.

What is hip dysplasia in pets?

The hip joint is a ball and socket joint, and in a healthy hip, the ball (i.e., femoral head) fits snugly into the socket (i.e., acetabulum). In pets with hip dysplasia, the joint doesn’t develop properly, leading to instability. As the pet gets older, the cartilage and bone in the hip wear down, causing dysfunction and pain. 

What pets are at risk for hip dysplasia?

All pets are susceptible to hip dysplasia, but certain breeds, including German shepherds and Labrador and golden retrievers, are at higher risk. Most cats aren’t affected by hip dysplasia, although the condition seems more prevalent in Maine Coons. Other hip dysplasia contributing factors include rapid growth, overfeeding at a young age, high-impact exercise, and carrying excess weight.

What are hip dysplasia signs in pets?

Young pets may not show hip dysplasia signs, but lack of playfulness, difficulty/refusal to jump or climb stairs, and stiffness upon rising may be seen. Also, signs will become more evident as they develop arthritis and may include:

  • Chronic or occasional hind end lameness
  • Stiffness, especially after resting
  • Bunny hopping gait when running
  • Difficulty rising from a sitting position
  • Abnormal sitting positions
  • Difficulty navigating stairs or jumping on or off elevated areas

How is hip dysplasia diagnosed in pets?

Diagnosing hip dysplasia in pets involves:

  • Palpation — The Ortolani sign is a palpation technique that has been used in newborn children since 1937 to detect hip laxity. Veterinarians started using the technique in 1985 on lightly sedated puppies. If present, this indicates hip laxity and thus the potential for osteoarthritis to develop. A lack of Ortolani does not rule out if hip dysplasia is present so other diagnostics may be needed. 
  • X-rays — Special X-ray views can help detect hip dysplasia in young pets, and X-rays can be used to evaluate confirmation as well as the degree of osteoarthritis present. 

How is hip dysplasia treated in pets?

Hip dysplasia treatment depends on the pet’s age, degree of hip laxity, and the owner’s preferences. Options include:

  • Medical management — Medical management may be appropriate for cats and some dogs. Medical management entails weight management, controlled exercise, pain management, joint supplements, and physical therapy.
  • Juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) — This procedure can be performed in puppies 10 to 16 weeks of age to close the growth plate at the bottom of the pelvis,  preventing the joint from getting too lax.
  • Double or triple pelvic osteotomy (DPO/TPO) — DPO/TPO is an option for dogs than 8 to 13 months who have no visible arthritic changes on X-rays. The procedure involves cutting the pelvic bone in two to three places and rotating the segments to improve hip stability. 
  • Femoral head ostectomy (FHO) — An FHO involves removing the femoral head (i.e., ball) so a false joint can develop with the muscles around the hip, reducing the pain caused by abnormal hip joint contact.
  • Total hip replacement (THR) — A THR, which involves replacing the hip’s ball and socket with metal and polyethylene implants, is the best surgical option for dogs and cats. We have the ability to perform THRs on patients as young as 6-7 months of age or at any time in life where quality of life is affected. 

Hip dysplasia in pets is manageable with the right approach and care. Early detection, appropriate treatment, and lifestyle modifications can significantly improve your four-legged friend’s quality of life.

If you suspect your pet has hip dysplasia or want your puppy screened, contact our Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics team to schedule an appointment with Dr. David Dycus, who will perform a thorough evaluation and develop a personalized treatment plan.