Understanding how to read a pet food label is important to ensure your pet’s nutritional needs are met, but so many options are available that deciphering the information can be confusing. Dr. David Dycus and our Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics team answer frequently asked questions about pet food labels to help you make an informed decision about your four-legged friend’s diet.

Question: What should I look for on a pet food label?

Answer: Key elements to look for on your pet’s food label include:

  • Ingredients list — Ingredients are listed by weight, starting with the heaviest. Look for high-quality protein sources such as meat, fish, or poultry.
  • Guaranteed analysis — This section provides the percentages of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and moisture. Ensure the protein and fat levels meet your pet’s dietary needs.
  • AAFCO statement — This statement that the food is complete and balanced for a specific life stage ensures the food meets the nutritional standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO).

Question: How do I interpret the pet food ingredient list?

Answer: Ingredients are listed in descending order by weight. This means the first few ingredients are the most significant in terms of quantity. Here’s what to look for:

  • Quality protein — Look for specific terms, such as chicken, beef, or salmon, rather than generic terms such as meat.
  • Whole grains and vegetables — Ingredients such as brown rice, sweet potatoes, and carrots are good nutrient sources.
  • By-products — By-products are secondary products derived from the main ingredient. For example, “chicken by-product meal” includes organ meats and bones. While by-products can be nutritious, their quality varies. Opt for clearly defined by-products (e.g., chicken by-product meal versus meat by-products).
  • Fats and oils — Fats and oils are crucial for energy and healthy skin and coat. Look for named sources, such as chicken fat, fish oil, and flaxseed oil.
  • Unnecessary ingredients — Avoid foods with ingredients, such as corn syrup or sugar, artificial colors or flavors, and excessive salt, that don’t add nutritional value and could potentially harm your pet.

Question: What does “complete and balanced” mean on a pet food label?

Answer: “Complete and balanced” indicates the pet food contains the essential nutrients in the correct proportions for a specific life stage (e.g., puppy, adult, or senior) or condition (e.g., growth, maintenance). This is determined based on AAFCO guidelines.

Question: How do I know if the pet food is suitable for my pet?

Answer: The AAFCO statement on a pet food label typically reads, “This food is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Dog (or Cat) Food Nutrient Profiles.” The statement usually also includes the life state for the food formulation, such as “growth,” “maintenance,” or “all life stages.” Choose a food that matches your pet’s current life stage and activity level.

Question: Should I avoid pet foods with preservatives or additives?

Answer: Not necessarily. Some preservatives and additives are essential for maintaining the food’s freshness and nutritional value. However, natural preservatives, such as tocopherols (i.e., vitamin E), are best. Avoid artificial preservatives, such as BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin.

Question: What does “grain-free” mean? Is it better for my pet?

Answer: “Grain-free” means the food does not contain grains, such as wheat, corn, or rice. Pets who have a grain allergy can benefit from these diets, but most food allergies in pets are triggered by proteins in their food. Consult our veterinarian to determine if a grain-free diet is appropriate for your pet. Because of potential linkages to heart disease in pets fed grain-free diets, we generally do not recommend feeding a grain-free diet. 

Question: How do I compare different pet foods?

Answer: To compare pet foods, consider the ingredients’ quality and source, the nutrient profile, and whether the food meets AAFCO standards for your pet’s life stage. 

To interpret the ingredient list on your pet’s food label, look for high-quality protein sources, beneficial grains and vegetables, healthy fats, and essential supplements, and avoid fillers and artificial additives. Always choose a diet that meets your pet’s specific needs, and consult your veterinarian for the best nutritional choices. The Fusion Veterinary Orthopedics specialist Dr. David Dycus will suggest an appropriate diet for your pet if they need specialized orthopedic care to ensure an optimal recovery. Schedule your appointment today.